History based on the life of the original Macbeth Essay

Eleventh century Scotland was a vicious and pained nation. Family and as far as anyone knows faithful companions defied each other for exchanging and region purposes. The dangers of an adversary intrusion or an assault on strongholds were incredibly normal. Widespread Vikings and neighborhood Scottish men struck continually to debilitate and all the more significantly drive out the obstinate restricting powers that lay in their manner. Macbeth was naturally introduced to this perilous condition in 1005, child of the triumphant family that stepped its clout on ‘Moray’ and ‘Ross’ [significant territories in Scotland]. The family itself deceived themselves as being adoring and minding to each other, in any case, inside they were scarred intellectually, as an outcome of their father’s passing who was obviously killed by his cousins. Macbeth clearly genuinely occupied by his father’s passing, focused his musings on driving a nearly ordinary life, bolstered by ‘Brauch’ his new accomplice [granddaughter to a ‘High King of Scotland’]. Consequently they had no offspring of their own. The current leader of Scotland was Duncan, an insufficient and apparently disagreeable individual in the midst of the common issues. Of course somebody killed him at the age of thirty-eight. History specialists accept that it might have really been Macbeth, however there is no convincing proof to affirm their speculations. Macbeth took advantage of this extraordinary lucky break, and was chosen ‘High King of Scotland’ in 1040; he administered for a long time. As ancestor of the berated Duncan, his main goal during his underlying ten years in power, was to carry harmony and relative dependability to his risky realm, prominently he was genuinely fruitful at doing as such; he turned into an improving King in like manner. He figured out how to adjust and destroy most of the negative sentiments among the populace. Shockingly for him, his most prominent and most lethal obstacle emerged in the structure Duncan’s child Malcolm, who was completely resolved to assume responsibility for Scotland. He keenly attacked the district in 1054, helped by the English King ‘Edward the Confessor’. Macbeth himself was severely killed on the fifteenth of August 1057 at ‘Peel Ring Lumphanan’ in ‘Mar’. He was covered at Iona, separately; the consecrated internment spot of the Kings of Scotland. Was this epic time of Scottish History the reason for Shakespeare ‘Macbeth’? Shakespeare was a capable dramatist, not a student of history. In any case, the past gives a fantastic source to basing a prospering play. It is energizing authentic material with which [if one is mentally sound], can adjust and adjust to invoke greatest sensational impact and a really splendid and engaging ‘stage production’. Chronicled proof gives journalists with a productive foundation; an inventive base on which one can build an advanced plot that allures the audience’s brain, body and soul. For Shakespeare this would have been unfathomably hard to begin, consequently the social occasion underneath the platform; that were either damn right discourteous or totally sloshed. In reality, it is consistent with state that a portion of his dramatizations were not as acknowledged or predominant, luckily Macbeth demonstrated extraordinary, and would be an overall showy creation for many years. Shakespeare was a free character, one who flourished with his very own accomplishment, and one who was not hesitant to modify and build up specific highlights in regards to a story to achieve extreme emotional impact. The focal point of Macbeth turned around the eleventh century progenitors; he clearly recognized the incredible potential in these characters. He clearly figured it important to change over, develop and abrogate specific qualities encompassing the occasions of eleventh century Scotland. He set up ‘Lady Macbeth’s’ sleepwalking and demise, the dinner scene and Banquo’s phantom, and a large portion of the cauldron scene. With a little creative mind and adjustment he switched King Duncan’s frightful character into a cherished and enormously refreshing ‘role model’. He likewise disposed of Macbeth’s ten years of good guideline to make the situation and environment increasingly compelling; all that he intentionally changed was in light of a legitimate concern for the play. Strangely, King James I was in power, when Shakespeare initially introduced Macbeth in 1603. I for one discover this fairly captivating, in light of the fact that the real storyline comprises of huge numbers of King James’s individual solaces and interests. Clearly King James was a predominant impact on the result of the play; he assists with conjuring up some productive motivation for Shakespeare; this, and the beautiful Scottish spend times, gives a gala of data and thoughts for Shakespeare to weave his enchantment upon. He appreciatively acknowledged this extremely valuable blessing, and changed it into perhaps the best catastrophe this world has truly ever experienced. What message is Shakespeare attempting to get over? I feel it significant for one and me to comprehend that the play is definitively established on the ‘corruption of power’. In spite of the fact that the heavenly, entrancing people and baffling endeavors make a one of a kind air to the play, the core comprises off occasions that rotate around the maltreatment of intensity. It is consistent with state this is available and occurring in our advanced society, take ‘Hitler’ for instance. He was a despot who had a deadly measure of intensity, he utilized it to program individuals, with the goal that he could do what he needed. He began by clearing out a whole race, known as the ‘Jews’; he and his obsession to be in charge was a main consideration in setting off the Second World War. An examination can be made among him and Macbeth, the two of which manhandled their position. Shakespeare is attempting to get this famous message across to his watchers. Black magic and Murderous Schemes. In the event that one knows about the catastrophe, one will realize that Shakespeare composed and guided it, at once in which murders and black magic were ordinary issues. Truth be told, most of the overall population genuinely accepted and dreaded the paranormal universe, to such an extent, people who were believed to be real witches were attempted, tried and inevitably slaughtered. During this time, ‘witch mania’ arrived at alarming extents; many guiltless individuals [usually women] were sentenced to prompt execution, without a satisfactory appraisal. As envisioned, a little minority were against this mass abuse, however they and their reasonable feelings were choked without due thought by the main part of the overall population. Exposition Targets. Macbeth has muddled plots that contain various acts and scenes. I am endeavoring to devise an exposition concentrating on three explicit scenes. The paper is to be written in a ‘director’s purpose of view’ †as though I was to coordinate these three chose scenes: Act I, Scene 3. Act I, Scene 5. Act 5, Scene 5. I feel that these three scenes all things considered portray the fundamental story and defeat of Macbeth himself. Act I, Scene 3 †meets the witches, which impacts his choice to murder the lord. Act I, Scene 5 †Lady Macbeth plots to slaughter Duncan herself and trusts her musings in Macbeth. Act 5, Scene 5 †As a result of his homicides, everything has caused issues down the road for him. He is going to be assaulted by the English armed force, and definitely faces the unequivocal discipline for his sins†¦ Death!!! I consider every scene to be off significant significance, all autonomously help to create and show the general story as well. Certainly, every one must be coordinated fittingly, to accomplish the audiences’ fixation, and to just make them philosophize about the story. An enchanting area is additionally totally important, the crowd should be exemplified by the setting and conditions. The accompanying exposition indicates every scene self-governingly, and communicates my emotions and perspectives on how I should direct and lead each of the three scenes to accomplish a dazzling air to entrance and flabbergast the observers. My fundamental target is to control chosen characters and change their character and personality to improve the play and overstate the ghastliness topic. The way that Shakespeare himself, left no stage bearings leaves the entryway open for any willing direct to decipher the genuine play, as he/she needs. Throughout the hundreds of years, a few makers have contrived their own method and built up the plot to make their own interpretation of the mysterious endeavors of the Scottish pecking order. I have submitted my play and paper to a ‘film production’. I have decided to embrace this specific strategy, since I feel that it would fit impeccably into a cutting edge film, which has the assets and innovation to help realistic and appropriate enhancements. I have watched a current understanding of the play; it was organized on a harsh Birmingham bequest. For some strange explanation however, the entertainers alluded to the immediate content, yet passed on them in a ‘Brummie’ complement; this was actually wicked. It basically didn't supplement Shakespeare’s’ sporadic language, the articulation was dreadful emphatically negative. I then again regard it progressively fitting to make the epic story out of Macbeth’s ruin in its indigenous and customary age. Director’s perspective for Act I, Scene 3. Synopsis of scene: Macbeth and Banquo meet the witches, Macbeth is coming back from the fight with his chivalrous friend and generous Scottish aristocrat, Banquo. Their excursion back to the King’s camp takes them over an abandoned heath. Here, the witches lie in sit tight for them, talking as they by and large do about an abhorrent spell they have given occasion to feel qualms about one heartbreaking individual. The fog clears Macbe

Network Attacks in Real Time Scenario Over Campus Network

System Attacks in Real Time Scenario Over Campus Network Amit Mahajan* Vibhakar Mansotra** Conceptual This paper presents investigation of assaults continuously situation over the grounds organize. The assaults were observed over a period and investigations were made. The paper examines about the reliance over the IDS/IPS marks and proposes for an answer which records the occasions with crude traffic and pictures the traffic to give better comprehension of the conduct of the traffic stream over the system. Catchphrases: UTM, Attacks, Visualization, Afterglow, tcpdump. I INTRODUCTION Systems have been enduring an onslaught from the opportunity Internet appeared. There is reliably some absence of assurance associated with the impact of these assaults. In the current circumstance of PC advancement, any foundation can have tremendous machine systems of unmistakable natures. With the progression of innovation, Organizations have begun confronting challenges because of various kinds of PC infections and assaults. This brought about gigantic loss of the inner resources like information and utility of time. Along these lines there is a pressing need to consider these assaults and system breaks by methods for which one will have the option to devise preventive measures and in this manner secure the inside resources. Taking into account the above destinations one needs to comprehend the systems and how they grow generally. Additionally one needs to comprehend the assaults and penetrates. For the most part the web is one of the wellsprings of the infections and assaults however frequently the neighborhood organize is additionally a significant wellspring of dangers for grounds systems. For the most part overseers and associations safe gatekeeper their systems from outside dangers yet the interior assaults and breaks are pivotal. The IDS/IPS ( ) are introduced over the portal level to check the active and approaching traffic. Where these sort of instrument to contemplate the conduct of interior assaults is obscure. One is a lot of keen on knowing the sort of traffic stream, and its distinguishing proof and so on in the system. This sort of approach will help the client network to embrace preventive measures or as such one has get an answer by considering the inside assaults and system breaks and al ong these lines how to limit and ensure the inner resources . Investigation of the system can be utilized as an instrument to check the system traffic. The conduct of the system might be comprehended through infiltration apparatuses, reproductions and so forth. On the other hand an instrument like IPS having ability of system conduct examination likewise can be of extraordinary assistance in understanding the issue. Review OF WORK Asmaa Shaker Ashoor and Sharad Gore in their exploration separated the Intrusion Detection System and Intrusion Prevention System (IDS/IPS) innovation which is utilized in the PC systems. They look at the steadiness, execution and precision shrewd aftereffect of IDS and IPS. They featured that the significant contrast between the IDS/IPS is among their arrangements over the system. IDS innovation takes a shot at out band framework which implies it isn't fixed with the system way yet IPS innovation chips away at in-accordance with the framework, implies it can go through in the middle of the gadgets progressively. Jared Holsopple, Shanchieh Jay Yang, and Moises Sudit examines about the Present go through for battling digital assaults which are ordinarily utilized by the Intrusion Detection Sensors (IDS) to inertly recognize and square multi-stage assaults. The calculation, TANDI, helps in decreasing the difficult trouble by isolating the reproductions of the attacker’s capacity and opportunity and consequently melds the two to decide the aggressors purpose. The aftereffects of the examination exhibit that the calculation TANDI predicts that the future assault activity decisively as long as it's anything but an organized assault and which contains no inward dangers. Within the sight of the malignant assault occasions, the calculation TANDI, will offer caution to the system investigator for additional examination. This can be additionally examined with the assistance of reproduction. Nilima R. Patil and Nitin N. Patil in their paper talked about the significance of assault diagram to check the potential assaults in the system. Utilizing assault diagram, examination should be possible adequately. This encourages the chairmen to additionally break down the assault diagrams profoundly to know where their framework shortcomings lie. Likewise help them to choose what sort of safety efforts can be selected successful organization. They study various approaches to examine assault diagrams and to give future extension to investigate on these assault charts. Rosslin John Robbles, Tai-hoon Kim, Seung Lee in their paper have demonstrated that a second level notwithstanding access control interruption constrainment can significantly upgrade the security particularly trustworthiness and accessibility of a framework in numerous circumstance. It demonstrated that interruption imprisonment can viably resolve the clashing structure objectives of an interruption identification framework by accomplishing both a high pace of location and a low pace of mistakes. Building up a progressively solid separation conventions will additionally be concentrated later on examine. Meera Gandhi and S.K Srivastava in their paper featured the significance of Intrusion recognition in business segment and in dynamic zone of research. They portray IDS as significant device for data security. An IDS is proposed to distinguish and battle with some regular assaults over the system frameworks. In such frameworks log shows the rundown of assaults to the head for uncertain activity. This framework functions as an attentive gadget in case of assaults coordinated towards a whole system. In the light of the above accessible data a need has been felt to attempt comparative sort of work in the University of Jammu also. This will help in investigation of assaults got by the system of the grounds. The system is arrangement on optical fiber spine with around 100 disseminated switches over the grounds. Which additionally has WI-FI remote Connectivity with passages around 200 approx. Such an ICT office accessible over the system is assumes a significant job in helping the understudies, inquires about, educator and staff. The quantity of clients in the UOJ grounds organize appxo 3000. Consequently the examination of the assaults is taken up in this grounds. II EXPERIMENTAL SETUP USING UTM College of Jammu is one of the pioneer higher instructive establishments in the province of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Whose vision is to be a globally serious scholarly and research foundation? To accomplish University of Jammu has part of spotlight on the data innovation. In 2003 college began its drives to be an IT empowered college by setting up a college grounds arrange on optical fiber spine. Later this system was additionally merged with Jammu University JU Wi-Fi. This office is assuming an extremely significant job so as to support the understudies, educators, scientists and managerial staff to utilize the ICT offices accessible over the system. College of Jammu is having tremendous web transmission capacity connectivity’s to provide food the requirements of the college organization. This web transfer speed connectivity’s continually continues redesigning now and again. At present college is having 40 mbps Internet data transfer capacity 1:1 OPTICAL FIBER rent li ne from dependence and 1 Giga optical fiber availability from National Knowledge Network. Understudies, analysts and training workforce can get to the insightful substance online from any area inside the grounds. There are around 37 divisions involving instructing and focuses other than managerial squares which are associated through this optical fiber spine arrange. All the three young ladies and young men inns are additionally associated through the optical fiber spine. There are around 100 conveyed switches (Cisco and Dlink) and approx. 200 indoor remote passageways (Linksys and Dlink) and 18 outside passages (Dlink) which are introduced at the different areas of these offices/squares of the college. All the equipment’s are associated through optical fiber spine to the control room grounds system of the college with Cisco impetus switches 4507R, 4506. So as to keep up such immense system and ICT Facilities University has sent an UTM gadget in the system. This UTM gadget helps the college it heads to keep up the college grounds organize all the more effectively. UTM introduced at the college is an item from world’s top IT security organization Cyberoam. This UTM is introduced practically all the significant scholarly organizations of the nation. The UTM gadget has different arrangements in a solitary box. It includes load adjusting of web data transfer capacities, Antivirus and hostile to spam examining at the passage level, User character based firewall rules, door level IDS and IPS checking and AAA confirmations and so on. This UTM gadget is introduced between the ISPS Routers and Cisco impetus switches with the goal that the entire traffic gets looked over the UTM gadget. All the strategies are applied on the firewall leads according to the prerequisite of the University organize. Figure: 1 UTM Deployment in Gateway Mode With the expansion in the University system and ICT offices over this system, it is seen that the proportion of assaults likewise gets expanded. These assaults decrease the presentation of the University Network and other ICT offices accessible. Therefore to contemplate the sort of assaults, their essentialness and an answer how to diminish them is proposed in this paper. UTM gadget introduced in the University arrange is considered for gathering the IPS assaults information. Since it can deliver the Attack reports, this will help the University IT overseers to see the pattern of the assaults how they are creating and influencing the framework. The basic IPS assaults will be concentrated over an opportunity to discover the examples of the assaults and their hugeness over the system applications and ports to which they are related. This investigation will support the college and different organizations which are utilizing the equivalent UTM to tweak t

A Summer to Remember Interphase

A Summer to Remember Interphase Summer Vacation  /'s?m?r/  /va'kaSH?n/ Defined as the period between grades where life is at its best. Where one stays up until 4am, not out of necessity but out of enjoyment, and wakes up when it can no longer be considered morning. Summer is a time for pools, Pokemon, and playing in no particular order. While my last summer was spent cooped up in a cubicle for 40 hours a week, I never lost that boyish charm when it comes to the two and half month periods that defined my childhood. For the first time in three years I didnt have a book to read, a paper to write or a set of problems to get started. But for the first time in three years I genuinely wanted something to do.   MIT is no walk in the park and I wanted an opportunity to preview the material, get study habits down and start college life early. The answer? The Interphase Program. So what is Interphase? According to the OMEs Website Interphase is a rigorous seven-week summer residential, academic and community-building program for admitted MIT freshmen that instills subject mastery of calculus, physics and chemistry, and helps them explore their cultural identities through reading, writing and discussion. but I find this definition is lacking in a few places (like, when they say rigorous they neither joke nor kid). So to fully describe Interphase, I have to break it up into three categories The Academics, The Exposure and The Fun. The Academics Academics during Interphase is broken up into four classes that are supposed to model your first semester at MIT, Calculus, Chemistry, Humanities (Writing), and Physics. Your Calculus and Chemistry classes are then also broken up into sections. Calculus had three sections that model 18.01(Single Variable Calculus), 18.01A(Accelerated Single Variable Calculus), and 18.02(Multi Variable Calculus)  while Chemistry had two sections that model 5.111 and 5.112. I was in Calculus 2(18.01A), Chemistry 1(5.111), Physics(8.01), and Humanities(21W.XXX), so Ill take you through a day in the life of an Interphaser. Physics Taught by Dr. Eric Hudson, a past 8.01 teacher and one of the best lecturers Ive ever met, Physics started the week off at 9:30, bright and early. This was the one class that was in a large lecture hall (54-100) and had everyone in Interphase together. We sat in groups of  two and learned in a style similar to that of TEAL(Technology Enabled Active Learning). While there werent weekly experiments, clicker questions and demonstrations were the norm. We also had four wonderful teaching assistants who made understanding the material a walk in the park and who took two days out of the week, and a few evenings, to translate the foreign language that was lecture. Calculus 2 Taught by Dr. Chris Dodd 11, PhD in Mathematics at MIT, Calculus 2 was also known as PROVE ALL THE THINGS. Following an intense session of Physics, Calculus 2 never ceased to turn your world upside down. Thought you knew Riemann sums, spent a few months on Taylor Series, a master of integration? Think again. Chris Dodd was the first person to give me that this is MIT feeling. Genuinely proving every concept he wrote on the board (including the Law of Exponentials) I cant imagine learning math any other way. In true MIT fashion, Calculus 2 taught you math from the ground up and thoroughly kicked our butts on that path. But thanks to two amazing TAs, life was made bearable and math was made fun. Chemistry 1 Taught by ESGs(Experimental Study Group) own Dr. Patti Christie, PhD in Chemistry at MIT, Chemistry was one of my favorite classes. As someone who came into MIT with nearly no background in the topic (I think we got up to naming?), this was the class I feared the most.  Learning from one of the best teachers I have ever had, Chemistry took on a whole new meaning. Finding enjoyment in the daily CLICKER QUESTIONS and gaining a new found   respect for the macroscopic world, the GIR I was destined to hate became my favorite. Humanities(Writing) Taught by Dr. Steven Strang, Director of the Writing and Communication Center here at MIT, Humanities was a place to discuss different topics and see how peoples cultural differences shined through in their opinions. Dr. Strang also teaches 21W.754 (Rhetoric) and our humanity class had a large emphasis on teaching us Aristotles Art. We learned how to weave words to do our bidding and analyze articles to avoid manipulation. The Exposure One of the largest parts of Interphase that leaves all of its attendees better off for MIT is what I would call exposure. Exposure to 10+ companies at a miniature career fair, exposure to MITs UROP and Internship opportunities at a Lab Tour, exposure to the resources that would benefit our lives here at MIT (eg. S^3), and exposure to the faculty (including Chancellor Eric Grimson whose 6.00 Lectures made CS fun for me).   These study breaks and trips were a great wealth of knowledge that opened up my eyes to the multitude of opportunities MIT has. The Fun The last part of Interphase, it was also one of the most powerful. With dozens of late nights, it was Mandatory Fun and the new people we met that kept us sane. In true MIT style we worked hard and played hard. Now, I could describe the fun that was had in words, but theres no fun in that. So heres the fun of Interphase through pictures and videos, make sure to read the alt-tags! (Picture Credit to Teri O. 15 Mari K. 15) And there you go. Interphase in a Nutshell. The Office of Minority Education is providing 70 MIT Students a year an invaluable experience and I recommend everyone apply. Interphase was both the hardest and most rewarding summer of my life and I couldnt recommend it enough. Post Tagged #Interphase EDGE

The Evolution Of Masculinity By Ken Gillam And Shannon R....

The Evolution of Masculinity? What makes a man, a â€Å"man†? Is it how much money he makes? The car he drives? The life he lives? Or, the amount of â€Å"Masculinity† that he shows? These are some of the stereotypical question that becomes the ideas of what men should have or strive to achieve. In Post-Princess Models of Gender: The New Man in Disney/Pixar by Ken Gillam and Shannon R. Wooden, they bring forth the ideas/thought of what the characteristic of men should be, by the overly influential control Disney and Pixar have on us and our future generation. Similar to what Matthew Immergut, in his article Manscaping: The Tangle of Nature, Culture and the Male Body, they both share ideas on the thought of man. The argument addressed in the question is either the way we view masculinity should be changed or not to determine us as men. In which the answer is, yes it should. Male or man, is a gender identity which show/ categorize, us separate from our female counterpart, Female or woman. But then are criticized on their place a â€Å"males† by getting in situation the emasculate them. Just because men independent or allowing for help, either overly sensitive or possess a lack of emotion, or whether or not â€Å"he† shaves his body or not should deter what the worlds thought on his masculinity First thought is how a man is â€Å"supposed to be† an independent/a leader. In Pixar’s â€Å"Cars†, and Disney’s â€Å"Toy Story†, we are introduced to characters Woody, a toy cowboy, and Lightning McQueen, an

Intimate Partner Violence And Domestic Violence - 1300 Words

Introduction. Intimate partner violence (IPV) which falls into the category of domestic violence is an epidemic among individuals in every community affecting twelve million men and women each year. IPV has no discrimination when it comes to characteristics of the victims. Although victims of IPV are predominately female, men are just as capable of becoming victims as well. The term intimate partner violence describes physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner (CDC, 2015). Such violence does not always require sexual intimacy and can occur among same-sex or heterosexual couples. Some risk factors for IPV victimization include: previous childhood victimization, low self-esteem, young age, low income, and heavy drug and alcohol use. IPV along with any other domestic violence related incidence, can cause a series of health problems in the victim’s lifetime. Depending on how long the violence occurs, it can higher the risk for heart disease, chronic pain, arthritis, and asthma. Along with those risks, come mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The devastating consequences of IPV can cross generations and last a lifetime (What is Domestic Violence?, 2015). Although these health issues are more long-term effects, some of them are curable. This epidemic is nothing new to society, it spans history and cultures. Rape and other forms of sexual exploitation have been used all over the world in every culture.Show MoreRelatedDomestic Violence : Intimate Partner Violence2915 Words   |  12 Pages Domestic Violence: Intimate Partner Violence Healthy People 2020 Intimate partner abuse describes physical, sexual, and psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse (Fanslow, McMahon, Saltzman, Shelley, 2002). 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The World Tomorrow Free Essays

In a dimly-lit alley filled with strewn garbage and nondescript graffiti over the walls, a magnificent sight somewhat overpowered the rather dismal scene. A bright city that was once filled with concrete buildings, stood gleaming against a dark evening sky. The building are pearly-white, sleek, patterned after many ultra-modern designs of the day. We will write a custom essay sample on The World Tomorrow or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet the city still retained vestiges of the past, with many obsolete yet historic buildings scattered around the city. Cars still fill the busy highways in and around the city. The luxurious-looking cars are environment friendly, has the most up-to-date safety features, while remaining affordable to most of the citizens. And yet, in spite of all these advancements, the human race envisioned something better than themselves – creating artificial intelligence in order to decrease the woes of manual labor. Humans then have the power of god himself, not only creating life but also creating consciousness. This intelligence is implanted on machines that replaces manual labor that human beings usually do. Highly-efficient, low-maintenance and cheap, human life may have become marginally easier than in the past. Yet, society remains. Humans, motivated by individual will, still create problems that eventually destroys themselves. There is still much squabble of power, sphere of influence and domination over other countries. Political power becomes the forefront of every country, always trying to prove dominance Even with the disguise of modern development, the essence of society still remains as a grim reminder of the past. In twenty years, the human race would have taken a great leap forward in technology, but would have evolved slowly as a society. As long as there humans on earth, there will be always misunderstanding. How to cite The World Tomorrow, Papers

The Scarlet Letter vs. The Crucible free essay sample

The Scarlet Letter, and The Crucible are two literary works set in the early days of the Massachusetts colony. Both of these works have many striking similarities between them, including theme, setting, conflicts, and some plot elements. Despite many of these striking similarities, these two literary works are also very different, each one using a common theme, but developing it into a completely different story than the other. It’s this starting point of a common theme that gives these stories some of their similarities, and also the time period they were written in contributes to this also. Each play tells of different portrayals of the effects of sin on the protagonists, how they cope with it, and the consequences of their actions. The Crucible and The Scarlet Letter are some of the greatest works of their genre and each tells their own tale. A common element of both of these works is the main conflict. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter vs. The Crucible or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In The Crucible, John Proctor had an affair with Abigail Williams, and Abigail tries to get revenge on John by trying to get his wife tried as a witch. In The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne cheats on her husband, Roger Chillingworth, with one of the ministers of the town, Dimmesdale, and has a child through their relationship. Roger Chillingworth tries to get revenge on Dimmesdale through careful prying and assaults on his guilt stricken conscious. Each of these villains has their own purpose in mind, Abigail’s is to get rid of John’s wife and make him her husband, and Chillingworth’s purpose is purely to get revenge, which he focuses his whole mortal life on. Each of these villains tries to attain their goals in different ways, but in the end they both fail and their plans backfire on them in a way that they could not expect. Another common element of these two literary works is the setting. Both The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible take place in the early days of the Massachusetts colony in North America. Both of these literary works take place around the mid 1700’s to the early 1800’s. During this time period, many people were highly religious, and believed that things that couldn’t be explained by normal means was the result of witchcraft. Both the town of Salem in The Crucible and the town of Boston in The Scarlet Letter, were colonized by Puritans, who had many religious beliefs and rules. This setting contributes to the importance of how severe Hester’s and John’s sins were in this time period. If these works were set place in a later time period, such as modern day, the only result of Adultery would most likely be getting a divorce. Back then, however, these crimes were punishable by death, but this was not the consequence that the protagonists of both works rece ived. As you can see, setting has a highly important impact on both of these literary works and it helps to convey the plot even more. The reoccurring theme of The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible is the effects of sin on man, most importantly, the sin of adultery. Both of these literary works use this theme to develop the leading male characters, and the conflicts that they both go through. Another important use of this theme is to show the effects of their confession when they finally confess their sins. When John Proctor confesses, he realizes that he has a shred of good in him, and he is not afraid to be hung as a witch. When Reverend Dimmesdale confesses, he lets the whole town of Boston know that anyone is capable of sinning. After he confesses, he is finally able to let his daughter, Pearl, kiss him in public and to die a happy man. A byproduct of Dimmesdale’s confession is that Roger Chillingworth, having nothing else to live for, dies. Even though the ways that each of these literary works use this common them in their stories, they use it to develop the plot in a different way. This common them e gives the authors a way to expand their books and give them a different plot-line than the other. Something that is different in The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible is the use of symbolism that each one uses. In The Crucible, John Proctor signing his name on the paper confessing to witchcraft is a symbol of him basically giving up his freedom and the last few shreds of dignity he has left. He knew if he signed this, he would be treated as an outcast in their society, which was a punishment almost as bad as death itself. He tears up his confession paper, which is symbolic to him breaking free of the chains that bind him, and not giving away his life to be used as an example. In The Scarlet Letter, the scarlet letter A embroidered on Hester’s gown was a symbol that we learned to recognize quite well throughout the story. The scarlet letter represents Hester’s sin and everyone in Boston recognizes it and shuns her for it. This letter marks her as someone who was a sinner, and her child was basically an offspring of the devil’s desires. Hester learns to live with this letter, even though that she can feel the searing heat of it burning on her chest, or otherwise her conscious. In both works, symbolism is used to help convey the theme, but each author uses a different symbol with a different meaning throughout the stories. A more subtle plot element in The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible is the use of irony. Even though it is not noticeably present, it is hinted at in both of the plays. The Scarlet Letter’s most prominent use of irony is the fact that Reverend Dimmesdale, a most respectable and holy man in their community, was capable of succumbing to the devil’s desire. It must surely be ironic when a man that the whole community looks up to and preaches against sin is the one who commits it! Furthermore, this man does not have the courage to confess his secret, knowing that it would be the end of him if his guilt does not take him first. In The Crucible, it is ironic that once John Proctor realizes that there is still good within him, he must die for a crime that he did not commit. But if it was not for him being sentenced to death and not signing the confession papers, he would not have realized that he was capable of other things besides evil. In both of these literary works, irony i s used very subtly, but it is still capable of making a lasting impression on the reader. In conclusion, The Scarlet Letter, and The Crucible, no matter how similar have several major discrepancies in them that sets them apart from each other. These differences make both of these literary works a unique experience to read, and gives each of them a very compelling plot-line. These works also seem so similar, its hard not to wonder if the authors were both one and the same. Through the elements of plot, conflict, theme, setting, symbolism, and others, each author uses these masterfully to make two similar stories, but each one leaving a different lasting impression on the reader. Therefore, The Scarlet Letter and The Crucible, no matter how many similarities they share and differences they have, are two literary works masterfully written and should be recommended to many others. These similarities and differences are what sets these two stories apart from others, the intertwining plot lines come together to create a literary sensation.

Introduction to Functions in C#

Introduction to Functions in C# In C#, a function is a way of packaging code that does something and then returns the value.  Unlike in C, C and some other languages, functions do not exist by themselves. They are part of an object-oriented approach to programming. A program to manage spreadsheets might include a sum() function as part of an object, for example. In C#, a function can be called a member function- it is a member of a class- but that terminology is left over from C. The usual name for it is a method. The Instance Method There are two types of methods: instance method and static method. This introduction covers the instance method. The example below defines a simple class and calls it Test. This example is a simple console program, so this is allowed. Usually, the first class defined in the C# file must be the form class. Its possible to have an empty class like this class Test { }, but it isnt useful. Although it looks empty, it- like all C# classes- inherits from the Object that contains it and includes a default constructor  in the main program. var t new Test(); This code works, but it wont do anything when run except create an instance t of the empty test class. The code below adds a function, a method that outputs the word Hello. using System;namespace funcex1{class Test{public void SayHello(){Console.WriteLine(Hello) ;}}class Program{static void Main(string[] args){var t new Test() ;t.SayHello() ;Console.ReadKey() ;}}} This code example includes Console.ReadKey(), so when it runs, it displays the console window and awaits a key entry such as Enter, Space or Return (not the shift, Alt or Ctrl keys). Without it, it would open the console Window, output Hello and then close all in the blink of an eye. The function SayHello is about as simple a function as you can have. Its a public function, which means the function is visible from outside  the class. If you remove the word public and try to compile the code, it fails with a compilation error funcex1.test.SayHello() is inaccessible due to its protection level. If you add the word private where the word public was and recompile, you get the same compile error. Just change it back to public. The word void in the function means that the function does not return any values. Typical Function Definition Characteristics Access level: public, private plus some othersReturn value: void or any type such as intMethod Name: SayHelloAny method parameters: none for now. These are defined in the brackets () after the method name The code for the definition of another function, MyAge(), is: public int MyAge(){return 53;} Add that right after the SayHello() method in the first example and add these two lines before Console.ReadKey(). var age t.MyAge();Console.WriteLine(David is {0} years old,age); Running the program now outputs this: Hello David is 53 years old, The var age t.MyAge(); call to the method returned the value 53. Its not the most useful function. A more useful example is the spreadsheet Sum function with an array of ints, the start index and the number of values to sum. This is the function: public float Sum(int[] values, int startindex, int endindex){var total 0;for (var indexstartindex; indexendindex; index){total values[index];}return total;} Here are three use cases. This is the code to add in Main() and call to test the Sum function. var values new int[10] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,10};Console.WriteLine(t.Sum(values,0,2)); // Should be 6Console.WriteLine(t.Sum(values,0,9)); // should be 55Console.WriteLine(t.Sum(values,9,9)); // should be 10 as 9th value is 10 The For loop adds up the values in the range startindex to endindex, so for startindex 0 and endindex2, this is the sum of 1 2 3 6. Whereas for 9,9, it just adds the one values[9] 10. Within the function, the local variable total is initialized to 0 and then has the relevant parts of the array values added.

The Death of Queen Victoria and Her Era

The Death of Queen Victoria and Her Era Queen Victoria was the second-longest reigning British monarch in history, ruling the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901. Her death on Jan. 22, 1901, at age 81 was mourned around the world and signaled an end to the Victorian Era. Queen Victoria Dies For months, Queen Victorias health had been failing. She had lost her appetite and started looking frail and thin. She would tire more easily and would often have bouts of confusion. Then, on January 17, the queens health took a severe turn for the worse. When she woke up, her personal physician, Dr. James Reid, noticed that the left side of her face had started to sag. Also, her speech had become slightly slurred. She had suffered one of several small strokes. By the following day, the queens health was worse. She stayed in bed all day, unaware of who was by her bedside. Early in the morning of Jan. 19, Queen Victoria seemed to rally. She asked Dr. Reid if she was better, to which he assured her that she was. But she quickly slipped out of consciousness again. It had become obvious to Dr. Reid that Queen Victoria was dying. He summoned her children and grandchildren. At 6:30 p.m. on Jan. 22 Queen Victoria died, surrounded by her family, at the Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Preparing the Coffin Queen Victoria had left very detailed instructions as to how she wanted her funeral. This included specific things she wanted inside her coffin. Many of the items were from her beloved husband, Albert, who had died in 1861. On January 25, Dr. Reid carefully placed the items Queen Victoria had requested in the bottom of her coffin: Alberts dressing gown, a plaster cast of Alberts hand, and photographs. When that was done, Queen Victorias body was lifted into the coffin with the help of her son Albert (the new king), her grandson William (the German Kaiser), and her son Arthur (the Duke of Connaught). Then, as instructed, Dr. Reid helped place Queen Victorias wedding veil over her face and, once the others had departed, placed a picture of her favorite personal attendant John Brown in her right hand, which he covered with flowers. When all was ready, the coffin was closed and then carried to the dining room where it was covered with the Union Jack (Britains flag) while the body lay in state. The Funeral Procession On February 1, Queen Victorias coffin was moved from Osborne House and placed on the ship Alberta, which carried the queens coffin across the Solent to Portsmouth. On February 2, the coffin was transported by train to Victoria Station in London. From Victoria to Paddington, the queens coffin was carried by gun carriage, since Queen Victoria had requested a military funeral. She had also wanted a white funeral, so the gun carriage was pulled by eight white horses. The streets along the funeral route were crowded with spectators who wanted to get a last glimpse of the queen. As the carriage passed by everyone remained silent. All that could be heard were the clattering of the horses hooves, the jangling of swords, and the distant boom of gun salutes. Once at Paddington, the queens coffin was placed on a train and taken to Windsor. At Windsor, the coffin was again placed on a gun carriage pulled by white horses. This time, however, the horses began to act up and were so unruly that they broke their harness. Since the front of the funeral procession was unaware of the problem, they had already marched up Windsor Street before they were stopped and turned around. Quickly, alternate arrangements had to be made. The naval guard of honor found a communication cord and turned it into an impromptu harness and the sailors themselves then pulled the queens funeral carriage. Queen Victorias coffin was then placed in St. Georges Chapel at Windsor Castle, where it remained in the Albert Memorial Chapel for two days under guard. Burial of Queen Victoria On the evening of February 4, Queen Victorias coffin was taken by gun carriage to Frogmore Mausoleum, which she had built for her beloved Albert upon his death. Above the mausoleums doors, Queen Victoria had inscribed, Vale desideratissime. Farewell most beloved. Here at length I shall rest with thee, with thee in Christ I shall rise again.

Argument rehearsal for multiple realizability of mental states (contra Essay

Argument rehearsal for multiple realizability of mental states (contra the identity theory) - Essay Example This follows from property identity: if X = Y, you can’t have X without Y, or Y without X. For example, you can never ask for six bottles under the condition that you will not be given half a dozen bottles. This is because six is just the same as half a dozen. This is true of the identity of mental and physical states. For example, if the physical realization of pain is C-fiber firing, then it cannot be anything else but C-fiber firing. This is property identity theory. But the multiple realizibility of mental states opposes this claim. If pain is related to both C-fiber firing and D-fiber firing, you can have pain without C-fiber firing (given that you have D-fiber firing), and you can have pain without D-fiber firing (given that you have C-fiber firing). What this also implies is pain is not identical to either one – you cannot have six bottles without having half a dozen. Therefore, I ask myself the following question, is there valid reason to think that mental state s are in fact multiply realizable? I believe so. Alien beings are often conceived as having similar mental attributes to humans, albeit physically different. Intelligent beings develop the capacity to select advantageous mental states to sustain life force. For example, if I am unable to feel pain (which is a mental state), it won’t be possible for me to recognise any physical experience which is life threatening. Resultantly, I would cease to exist, thus failing to reproduce and pass on my legacy. Likewise, my cognitive capacities such as intuition and decision making abilities enhance my awareness about surroundings and help me do the right things at the right time. Without these traits, I wouldn’t have been able to sense danger and would expose myself to potentially harmful situations, which, again, would make me susceptible to extinction. Therefore, one can rationalise that an intelligent alien creature living somewhere in the universe would have

Life-cycle reverse logistics support policy of GENCO Research Paper

Life-cycle reverse logistics support policy of GENCO - Research Paper Example GENCO thus collaborates with Hershey into achieving ZWL status at the Western distribution centre, where its runs its operations. As part of the initiative of reclaiming value from the waste materials, the process begins by removing trash comparator from the facility, followed emptying all the contents in the parking lot. Sorting process then begins where results are subject to classify as food/product waste, cardboard, trash, plastics, wood scraps, and broken pallets. All of these products could be subject to divert from going into the landfills. The focus then shifts into identifying the new ways of collecting recyclables all through the facility followed by training teammates on the new procedures. Volunteers coming from each shift thus form the ZWL committee that helps in identifying the best practices for recycling. The placement of receptacles was subject to plan strategically in a manner that coincides with areas where the recycled materials were subject to generate commonly in order to maximize use. GENCO currently works towards achieving ZWL status at the Midwest distribution centre, in Edwardsville, IL, all of which run operations for Hershey. GENCO has the policy of reclaiming value from all returned and recycled materials as part of its integrated reverse logistics solutions. Recycling offers the last chance of reoccupying value in any product before it ends up into the landfill. GENCO’s recycling services has the potential of maximizing recovery of value on every product, which includes part and materials in the end-of-life product stream. Currently, the company has the potential of reclaiming and extracting value from 95% of all products that could previously end up in the landfill. GENCO accomplishes this task through de-manufacturing, which is a process entailing disassembly of the finished goods in order to yield resalable components, scrap

Causes and Effects of Absenteeism in Local Government (UK)

Causes and Effects of Absenteeism in Local Government (UK) 1.0- ABSTRACT Absenteeism can happen through authorised and unauthorised absence and these can be grouped into: situational, personal and attendance factors. Causes: headaches, hang-over cold flu, unchallenging jobs and poor management are common causes of absenteeism and managers generally suspicious of employees reasons for absenteeism. Effects: Unplanned absence is disorganising, frustrating and expensive for organisations. UK absenteeism rate in European is similar to Denmark, (see p11-12). Absenteeism is positively correlated with employee motivation and satisfaction. Combating absenteeism: absence can be minimised by providing challenging jobs, rewarding attendance and maintaining a zero tolerance to absence. Return-to-work interviews are empirically proven method of reducing absenteeism in local government. Adding, studying industries with lower absence rate may prove a useful tool for minimising absenteeism in local government. This report acknowledges that limitations such as privacy and Human Rights laws protects workers privacy from being invaded by organisations, HR managers ought to know there limitations. 2.0- INTRODUCTION Absenteeism is the avoidance of or failure to attend ones place of work hence unable to perform a contractual working obligation owing to absence. In other words, absenteeism is unplanned or planned absence created by an employee intentionally such as deliberately avoiding work through non-attendance for personal reasons or unintentionally like maternity leave, bereavement and ill-health. This research essay shall be confining the report to intentional or self created absenteeism which can be disruptive, expensive and difficult to manage, (Armstrong, 2006). Undoubtedly, this form of absenteeism is the worst nightmare of all managers because of having to deal with the same workload with limited workforces. According to Benington, (2000) site in (McHugh, 2001) the UK local government has become a ‘‘last chance saloon meaning failure to ‘put-up will require government takeover or privatisation. Furthermore, CBI, (2004) cited in Taylor (2005), acknowledged that absenteeism costs the UK government  £12 billion pounds yearly. Presenteeism is the opposite of absenteeism and it means ‘110% attendance with the view to impressing ones boss. The most regular mentioned ‘causes of absenteeism reported by employees especially in local government are: headaches, cold, flu, stress, back pain, food poisoning and family issues. It must be stated that other causes such as repetitive jobs, poor management, leadership, and organisational climate are factors. 3.0- LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1- CAUSES OF ABSENTEEISM Public sector absenteeism has attracted much research especially in the local government probably because of better monitoring systems such as extensive documentation than the private sector. Noteworthy is the fact that there are no universally agreed causes of absenteeism however; there are some regular cited ones are claimed to contribute to absenteeism. According to Taylor, (2005), a research company called My Voice asserted that 56% of employees admitted to taking a ‘sickie. That is calming absence from work under false pretence. Interestingly, the real reasons stipulated by the survey for the absence includes: hung-over, stress and hatred for the job itself. Consequently, managers are generally suspicious of employees claiming absence on sick grounds based on the above survey. It is an undeniable fact that such findings breeds mistrust between managers and their employees. Obviously, one can understand why managers might be frustrated by employees absence because it brings disorder to management plans and the execution of scheduled activities. Gennard, Judge, (2005) are of the view that death, paternity leave, inability to return from planned holidays and ‘ alleged sickness are the main causes of absenteeism. It is abundantly clear that bereavement does cause absenteeism but on limited scale however, this report is less concern with that form of absenteeism because it is natural rather than intentional. Paternity leave being a cause of absence might sound baffling however, this report maintains that paternity leave even though a planned absenteeism, might potential cause some form authorised absence for reasons like a sudden developments- such as mother falling sick, babys health, family and family visits and gatherings. This report maintains that the possibility of this form of absenteeism being abused is not unlikely. Adding, planned holidays might degenerate into unplanned absence due to certain unforeseen circumstances. This is likely to affect those who take holidays abroad. This form of unplanned absence might be caused by flight delays and cancellations due to political issues like wars and protest as happened in Thailand, natural disasters such as disease outbreak, for example the pandemic ‘‘H1N1 Swine Flu which first broke out in Mexico and for that matter the quarantine of infected victims had to be done, earthquakes as happened in Indonesia. According to Armstrong, (2006), the causes of absenteeism could be broadly attributed to three (3) factors namely: ‘Situational factors, Personal factors and Attendance factors: ‘Situational factors include the nature of the job itself; is it repetitive and boring or interesting and challenging enough? Obviously, a repetitive job may generate stress and job resentment. The sort of leadership and organisational climate employees operate under may generate absenteeism. While agreeing to some extend that these situational factors might generate absenteeism, it is worth acknowledging that some people hate change and will always struggle to maintain the status quo. These people may rather prefer doing a repetitive job than a challenging one. ‘Personal factors are: the worth of an employee, his or her personality, age and sex may contribute to an employee absence. This research report concedes to the fact that these stated factors are influencer of absenteeism in local government based on a valid research: Barmby et al, ‘survey (1999) cited in Taylor (2005), p316 recorded that men were unlikely to be absent from work than their female counterparts and even more profound was the fact that England has lower absenteeism than any were else in the UK. Quite obviously, the wage disparity across the UK has a lot to with it hence the lowest rate (absenteeism) in England than anywhere else in the UK. Lastly, attendance factors include; the sort of incentives allocated to rewarding good employee behaviour like regular attendance as well as sickness policies. It is an undeniable fact that most people respond positively to incentives and rewards both in kind and in cash. According to Jacqueline A.-M et al, (2003), the ‘psychological contract plays a significant role in contributing negatively or positively to employee performance and attitudes in the local government. Absenteeism is gradually gaining the publicity it deserves in the local government according to CBI, (1999); Local Government Auditor, 1999) cited in (McHugh, 2001). This report is of the view that organisations either private or the local government can no longer afford to remain in a vacuum but rather to face up to the challenges like the unpredictability of the marketing environment. This means all local governments and organisations are compelled to make the necessary savings they can get from all areas in order to survive in this aggressive but compelling marketing environment called ‘the survival of the fittest. In fact, there has never been a century that has imposed and forced change on all manner of organisations like the 21st century. The present business environment is one that constantly says keep changing or you will be made obsolete. Furthermore, Johansson, Palme, (2002) proposed that a positive attitude to ‘a short- term sickness and taxes encourages absenteeism. In other words, encouraging ‘nanny culture such as paying for sick leave encourages local government workers to take off sick for private reasons other than genuine sickness. In short, such policies however well intentioned may rather be taken for granted and instead abused. IDS, (2001b, pp2-3) cited in (Taylor 2005), p329 proposed that the public sector workers records higher absenteeism than the private sector because, there are less punitive measures taken against public servants than their private sector counterparts. This research lends support to some extend to the argument however, contrary to the point; local government organisations do take longer time to act due to bureaucracies but does not necessarily mean that punitive measures are not exercised in the public sector as claimed. Adding, this report supports the view that absenteeism is more prevalent in the private than the public sector. This is due to the fact that public employees receive better treatment and are valued fairly than their private sector counterparts (the psychological contract), (Jacqueline A.-M et al, 2003). This report observes that certain councils are renowned for recording high rate of absenteeism for instance, Northern Ireland councils than those in England, (McHugh, 2002). In summary, there are disparities between England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland as regards to absenteeism. And in Europe as a whole, the UK is not doing badly according UK government statistics. Also, it is an undeniable fact that poor record keeping encourages absenteeism. If organisations and for that matter local government organisations like the NHS, keeps up-to-date records of all employee absence, it would discourage absenteeism because most people hate being monitored. Proper documentation and monitoring of employee absence is likely to generate the needed attention absenteeism deserves leading to a collective action against the perpetrators of absenteeism. Conversely, it is not an exaggeration that the costs of keeping up-to-date information on employee attendance are expensive and complicated because of the technology involved such as biometric data collecting systems like the ‘Swipe in Swipe out, ‘phone book-ins and finger and hand scanning are expensive systems which are not without disadvantages. For instance, an employee may give his or her card to a colleague to wipe them in discretely and on the other hand, an employee may genuinely forget to swipe in and out. 3.2- EFFECTS OF ABSENTEEISM The effects of absenteeism are difficult to quantify though various researches have attempted valuing it. Absenteeism costs the UK government  £12 billion pounds yearly, (Taylor 2005). That figure can be a full year budget for most developing countries especially in Africa and Asia. Adding to the above, Davis, Geddes, (2000); Blair, (1998) cited in (McHugh, 2001), p43 was reported to have issued a warning to local councils to stop wasting local government funds by providing ‘value for money services by combating preventable issues like absenteeism. Quite earnestly, absenteeism is an avoidable cost which if managed properly has benefits for all organisations both public and private firms. The US economic is on record for losing $40 billion dollars a year on absenteeism, (Dalton, Mesch, 1991; Unckless et al 1998) mentioned in (Gaudine, Saks, 2001).That money is enough to provide employment for hundreds of people especially under this current economic turbulence. Another disadvantage of employee absence, despite it being costly for the local government is that it also disrupts management plans and decisions according to Armstrong, (2006). Managers are usually provided with a specification tasks with limited time-frame within which to report back to their superiors for assessment. Consequently, an unplanned absence may significantly affect managers flexibility, time and the speed at which the work and for that reason, may cause irritation for management as a whole. Lastly, an employees sudden absence may stir up negative feelings among his fellow work- colleagues. It is a convincing fact that more often, managers are unable to fill in or organise a quick replacement for an absent employee but rather, overburden their subordinates with the same magnitude of workload. Nevertheless, they (managers) still expect their workforce to deliver the same level of performance without considering the manpower shortage. Consequently, this leads to the development of hatred and resentment among work colleagues which is not healthy for the organisation and for that matter the local government because, synergy may be lost in the process (working against one another rather than as a team or 2+2=5). Is absenteeism a function of employee motivation or dissatisfaction breeds absenteeism? This research report argues that a good psychological employment contracts is a recipe for a better employee attitude as in the case of local government employment than the private sector (Jacqueline A.-M et al, 2003). Obviously most government jobs are fairly stable and permanent hence the issue of job security is guaranteed as opposed to the private sector. Moreover, Martocchio, (1994); Johns, Nicholson, (1992) cited in McHugh (2001, p44), claimed that an employees commitment and dedication are a function of his or her motivation in the organisation. This report shall concede to this fact because people generally response positively or otherwise to incentives and rewards depending on their situation (perception). Ehrenberg et al, (1991) claims that students absenteeism impact on their academic performance especially during examinations. Now, if this assertion is true then, one can justifiably maintain that employee absence affects their work in terms of quality, speed and concentration. CIPD, (2006), cited in (Torrington et al, 2008), p339 found that absenteeism was high in food and drink sector, and in local government; however, NGOs, Media and the leisure sector had lower absence rate. Arguably, it is not surprising that voluntary and leisure organisations had better attendance because they are satisfying jobs with high commitment and goal congruence. According to the CBI, (AXA, 2005) and (CIPD, 2005) mentioned in (Torrington et al, 2008), UK absence is similar to Denmarks but lower than Norway, Sweden and Finland. This statistics were rather surprising to because, these three countries above beaten by the UK are usually among the top 10 countries for quality living hence they should have beaten the UK. 3.3- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ABSENTEEISM AND MOTIVATION? Kass, et al, (2001) empirically concluded that unchallenging and uninteresting jobs profoundly determine the performance (poor) of an employee, their longevity in the organisation and even more importantly the frequency of absenteeism he or she exhibits. This reported utterly concedes to the above fact that boredom breeds laziness and the attitude of it because people who are boredom prone such as activists and kinaesthetic learners (hyperactive) performance may be hampered by unchallenging tasks and subsequently but inevitably lead to worker absenteeism. Interestingly, Wyatt, (1929) cited in (Kass, et al 2001, p318), concurred that performance, motivation and employee attitude to work are correlated (positively). This means that an employees performance is a function of the level of motivation he or she enjoys from the job. In other words, an unmotivated employee will obviously demonstrated a lackadaisical attitude to his or her job and for that matter the company. Furthermore, in Maslows theory, ‘man is an insatiably need driven animal who is always seeking for the fulfilment his or her present need but in a successive order of prominence, (Croft, Norton, 2005). Ultimately, Maslows needs theory shares light on employees behaviour in the sense that, it categorically emphasises studying and listening to the workforces in order to avoid being ‘out of touch and concluding that what motivates Mr. A will motivate Mr. B, as it were and even more importantly the theory advises a full analogy of an employee before concluding on sort of incentives that will induce a desired behaviour. The Hawthorne study supports that recognition of a workgroup motivates performance and arguably the Hawthorn enquiries are in line with Abraham Maslows needs theory. Another useful theory for analysing the relationship between motivation and performance is Herzberg et al (1957) two factor theory: Motivators- responsibility, recognition and achievement and Hygiene factors-wages or salaries, job security and supervision, cite in (Armstrong, 2006). The absence of hygiene factors results in worker dissatisfaction claims Herzberg. In other words, hygiene factors do not creates satisfaction by themselves but rather, their absences leaves employees dissatisfied according to Herzbergs theory. Now if Herzbergs theory is anything good to go by, an employees absence (regular) should trigger an investigation and a subsequent identification of the causes. For instance, employee absenteeism can be due to lack of job satisfaction because of repetitive and boring jobs, due to lack of recognition for the employees achievement also, poor leadership in the form of supervision may equally cause dissatisfaction. Herzbergs two factor theory failed to anticipated the change in the psychological employment contract which has shifted power away from the employer to employees consequently, Herzbergs assertion that money is not a motivator is debatable (untrue) today and for that matter, it leaves the famous two factor theory for criticism. Adding, it is an undeniable fact that money is a real motivator taking into account the actual causes of this current financial turmoil or the current recession across the world. It is emphatically clear that this recession was engineered by greedy people whose sole motivation was nothing rather than big bonuses, pay packages or simply put, money to be precise. If these outrageous financial institutions heads, bankers and money lenders were not motivated by money then what else brought this financial ‘meltdown to this world? Furthermore, Vroom et al (1960s) cited in (Croft, Norton, (2005), p16, states that persons motivations defines the measure of input he or she will expands. This means that the package (employment contract), the job itself and the organisational climate all have a definite role in contributing to the performance of an employee in a company. This report utterly agrees with this view because workers generally expect interesting and challenging jobs, good leadership, a fair pay for their work done and of course recognitions for their efforts. Consequently, the infulfilment of these expectations inevitably results in all sorts of attitudes and behaviours such as absenteeism. Porter and lawler, model (1968) mention in (Armstrong, 2006) is arguably complementary to Vrooms thought because it advocates that two instruments were central to the contribution of workers in an organisation: value of reward and the relationship between their efforts and the outcome taking into account the individual capability and expectations, (Armstrong 2006). In other words, when rewards are carefully crafted strategically taking into consideration the abilities and expertise of the individual then good performance is an inevitable outcome because there will be goal congruence between organisation and the individual which leads to superior organisational performance known as competitive advantage. Sometimes this sort of strategic fit between organisations and employees does make a company an ‘employer of a choice- a company which most people would love to work for due to several factors like good employee treatment, fairness and the organisational climate (good) for instance, British Airways, Microsoft Corporation, NASA (space centre) and the BBC. 4.0- COMBATING ABSENTEEISM. According to Taylor (2005), punitive solutions, using rewards and tackling the root causes of absenteeism is the answer to minimising absenteeism. Obviously, the use of the ‘carrot and stick method is being advocated and finding out the real triggers of absenteeism as well. However, this requires proper documentation and monitoring of employees attendance which can be expensive. Most research supports the view that using punitive styles like basing promotion and rewards decisions on employee attitudes (attendance) reduces absenteeism. This strategy creates and communicates a clear message to employees that their future especially in that organisation is a function of their contribution and commitment which convincing. Gennard, Judge (2005) also agreed that ‘return-to-work interviews are the most effective means of reducing absenteeism because it assertively notifies the worker that such attitudes would be punished if necessary. This strategy integrates investigation of the case with documentation as well as communicating to the perpetrators that they are being monitored which I think, must be applauded. According to Armstrong, (2006), absenteeism can be eradicated through management commitment, trust, and return to work interviews. Management commitment is about harnessing management support and commitment to abrogating absenteeism while nurturing and development trust through transparent policies, regular dialogue and communication between management and their subordinates. In resounding, local government absenteeism can be reduced by tackling stress by way providing training and development to management and leadership with the aim of inculcating and developing good leadership and people skills into leaders. Furthermore, boredom can be prevented from inducing absenteeism by making jobs interesting and challenging like providing job enrichment, job enlargement and the empowerment of workers. Rewarding attendance (100%) has been empirically proven to reduce absenteeism from 10-8 days, (Silcox, 2005d) cited in (Torrington et al, 2008). Finally, even though this report labours to avoid the ‘stick method of reducing absenteeism, it is conceding to note that return-to-word interviews are empirical proven beyond reasonable doubt that they are profoundly effective in reducing employee absence in both the public and private section organisations. 5.0- CONCLUSIONS Absenteeism is problem faced by all organisations and the causes include: hang-over, headaches, boring jobs and poor management however, management believes that most ‘alleged causes are non-genuine which costs organisations money. Some writers claimed that absenteeism is more prevalent in the public sector than the private sector. This report disagrees with that argument because, undeniably, absenteeism is positively related to motivation consequently, since the public sector gets be employment contract than their private sector counterparts, absence must be less prevalent than private organisations. Punitive measures such as return-to-work interviews are particularly effective in reducing worker absenteeism. Conclusively, this report maintains that absenteeism cannot be eradicated but rather minimised because providing a challenging jobs, rewarding attendance and good leadership cannot change personal habits cultivated over decades. Adding though return-to-work-interviews is an effective means of reducing absenteeism; the process cannot intrusively used due to privacy concerns. For instance, (IRS, 2002a) cited in (Torrington et al, 2008), p 349 emphasised that the Human Right Act, 1998 awareness is important. The report recommends a specific study into low absenteeism sectors: non-profit organisations, voluntary sectors, Media and recreational sector to ascertain the real causes of employee absenteeism. REFERENCES 1. Michael Armstrong, A Hand Book of Human Resource Management Practice, 2006, 10th Edition Kogan Page, London, UK. 2. Ronald G. Ehrenberg, Randy A. Ehrenberg, Daniel I. Rees and Eric L. Ehrenberg; School Leave Policies, Teacher Absenteeism and Students Achievement, 1991, journal of Human Resources, vol. 26. no. 1 pp 72-105 University of Wisconsin ,Press, URL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/145717 3. Alice P.Gaudine1 and Alan M. Saks2, Effects of Absenteeism Feedback Intervention on Employee Absence Behaviour 2001; 1.School of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland, Canada, 2. School of Administrative Studies, York University, Ontario, Canada, journal of organisation Behaviour, vol.22. No.1 Pp15-29. Feb., URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3649604 4. John Gennard and Graham Judge, Employee Relations, 2005, 4th edition CIPD, London. UK. 5. Jacqueline A.-M, Coyle-Shapiro and Ian Kessler, the Employment Relations in the UK Public Sector: A Psychological Contract Perspective, a journal of Public Administration Research and Theory; j-part, Vol. 13, no. 2. April 2003, pp213-230, Oxford University Press on behalf of the Public Management Research Association. URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3525711. 6. Per Johansson, Martin Palme, Assessing the Effect of Public Policy on Worker Absenteeism, 2002, The Journal of Human Resource, vol. 37, no. 2, pp 381-409, University of Wisconsin Press, URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/ 3069652. 7. Marie McHugh: Employee absence: an impediment to organisation health in local government,2002 School of Management, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, International journal of Public Sector Management, vol. 14, no. 1, pp 43-58, MCB University Press, 0951-3558, URL:www.emerald-library.com/ft 8. Marie McHugh: Employee absence: an impediment to organisation health in local government,2001, School of Management, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, Northern Ireland, International journal of Public Sector Management, vol. 14, no. 1, pp 43-58, MCB University Press, 0951-3558, URL:www.emerald-library.com/ft 9. Stephen Taylor, People Resourcing, 2005, 3rd edition, CIPD, London, UK. 10. Derek Torrington, Laura Hall and Stephen Taylor: Human Resource Management, 7th Edition, 2008, Prentice Hall, Pearson Education, FT, England and Spain.

Self-Employment Is the Best Way to Make Money

Ladies and gentlemen, I'd like to thank you for giving me the chance to make a presentation here. My name is Yan. Today, I’m going to talk about self-employment. I plan to be brief, and I want to proof that self-employment is the best way for people to make money. Please interrupt me if there’s something unclear so that I can explain it for you. OK, let's think about some questions. Have you ever thought about your job in the future? Do you admire those young and successful company owners because they have both money and good reputation [U]?And do you want to be self-employed as well? Maybe we can start with a simple definition. What is self-employment? Self-employment is working for oneself. Self-employed people are always divided into 2 kinds——freelancers and entrepreneurs. By the way, entrepreneur means people who have their own companies. Freelancer means people who work for themselves as writers, painters, actors, and so on. Both of them can decide th eir schedules and enjoy the freedom. And they could make more money than employees for they don’t have the stable salary.It’s a fact that most of the richest people in the world are also the founders of their own enterprises or brilliant freelancers, such as Bill Gates and J. K. Rowling. Besides a changeable schedule and a considerable income, self-employment can also be a good chance to improve working skills. It is true that working for oneself can have many difficulties. Employees can get payments by just finishing their simple assignments while employers have to control the whole project and make it be successful, so there’s no doubt that they can learn much more than those employees.That’s why common workers always buy the biographies written by great self-employed leaders to learn their experience. Furthermore, the governments have introduced many policies to encourage people to create their self-employed career. Let me show you some examples. In Ca nada, if you are a young person, aged 18 – 34, ready to start your own business, the Canadian Youth Business Foundation (CYBF) can provide courses, learning resources and business start-up loans. And self-employed Canadians can access Employment Insurance (EI) if they cannot work because they are pregnant or have to take care of their babies.It’s really helpful. As for old people, self-employment is the best way to make money after they retired. According to a market research, there will be 14 million full-time, home-based freelancers and independent contractors in America by 2015, up from 12 million in 2010. Between 2008 and 2011, the number of self-employed Americans from age 55 to 64 rose by 5 percent. (data) All those facts and data show that self-employment has been the best way to make money, so why not choose to be your own boss from now? That are all my ideas. Thanks for listening, and I hope you have found this useful.

History Of Rocklin Police Department - 1144 Words

History of Rocklin Police Department Thirty miles east of California’s State Capitol lies a unique town called Rocklin. This small town which was originally known as â€Å"Secret Ravine† originated in 1860, with a population of 440 and is recognized throughout history for its rock quarries and railroads. According to Roy Ruhkala (1974) Rocklin built its first city jail in the middle of the 1880’s, and was crafted of granite, with a small steel window and door. Each night a watchman patrolled the streets and approximately every evening at 8:00pm a curfew bell would ring, warning all vagrants to leave town and notify children to get home. Gary Day (2003-2016) claims the jail was intended to house criminals, but in the early 20th century, it became a place for hobos to escape the long cold nights; however, there was one stipulation, they had to be locked up for the night for fear they would steal the bedding. In 1946 a young boy named Ernest Willard became Rocklin’s first chief of police, his father George was the town marshal. Every morning on his way to school, Ernest would go by the Jailhouse to let the hobos out. This haven for hobos was an act of compassion and community service that will forever be remembered. Earnest Willard passed away in 1987 at the age of 90, but in 1983 he served as an honorary marshal in the Rocklin Jubilee parade, at the time he still possessed a key to the original jail house. Department Mission Values and Vision The City of Rocklin hasShow MoreRelatedOpenness in Personality10561 Words   |  43 Pagesexperience. However, open and closed styles of thinking are useful in different environments. The intellectual style of the open person may serve a professor well, but research has shown that closed thinking is related to superior job performance in police work, sales, and a number of service occupations. Openness to experience is one of the domains which are used to describe human personality in the Five Factor Model[1][2] Openness involves active imagination, aesthetic sensitivity, attentiveness

Compare the Ways Love Is Presented in Sonnet 43 and...

Compare the way love is presented in ‘Sonnet 43’ and ‘Ghazal’ Both poems, Sonnet 43 and Ghazal convey emotions and passionate feelings of love in different ways. Sonnets and Ghazals are poem that are meant to express strong feelings of love. Khalvati and Barrett Browning chose them to illustrate their loving feelings to their lovers. Barrett Browning does not correctly carry out all the rules of Sonnets in her poem which gives an effect that she would do anything for her lover and that there are no rules to their love, whereas Khalvati does not break any of rules in Ghazal, this might, perhaps mean that her love is unrequited and that she would follow all the rules to get the attention of the person she loves. Barrett Browning and†¦show more content†¦She says that she loves him to the depth and breadth and height, which indicated that her love is long lasting. The image â€Å"by sun and candlelight† that Barrett Browning creates, is that her love may be ordinary like the sun, but its continuous since the light keeps shining day and night, which is why she uses the candlelight to represent the light she has for him is still on at night. Another image that Barrett Browning conveys is â€Å"I love thee freely, as men strive for Right, I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise†. This line shows that her love for him is of her own free choice and she compares it to the nationalists that fight for their countries, indicating that their love is as strong as a person’s love is to their country. Barrett Browning also says, â€Å"I love thee with the passion, put to use/In my old greifs†¦ and with my childhood’s faith† here, the poet redirected he r emotions from her past concerns onto her love. She states that her she loves him with her childhood’s faith, which could mean that she loves him with unquestioning confidence, just like a naà ¯ve child might. Mimi Khalvati uses a wide range of words and phrases that are inspired by nature. â€Å"If I am the grass and you the breeze, blow through me.† Nature is a very beautiful and passionate thing, which might explain why Khalvati chose to use it to associate her love with. She also says, â€Å"If I am the rose and you the bird, then woo me† this line is also